I suppose English and Japanese differentiate siblings based on different criteria. In English, whether or not one shares a parent is conveyed in family terms---stepbrother, half sister, etc, while in Japanese age is important---あね, いもうと etc. I think one is likely to call his/her half brother or sister as if they have the same parents: あに／おとうと or あね／いもうと.
Having said that, here are words.
- はらちがいのあに／あね／おとうと／いもうと（「はらちがい（腹違い）」means "different stomach"）
- いぼきょうだい（異母兄弟）（brothers whose mothers are different）
- いぼしまい（異母姉妹）（sisters whose mothers are different）
- いふきょうだい（異父兄弟）（brothers whose fathers are different）
- いふしまい（異父姉妹）（sisters whose fathers are different）
かぞくのことばは、むずかしいですねえ... (*´Д｀)=3ハァ･･･
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